Biodiesel Fuel and its Effects on Engine Operation and AMSOIL Lubricant Service Life

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Use of Biodiesel Fuel with AMSOIL Motor Oils

TSB: MO-2006-05-04 Date: 05/05/2006 Page 1 of 3

Subject: Use of Biodiesel Fuel with AMSOIL Motor Oils

Technical Service Bulletin

Product Description: ALL AMSOIL Motor Oils

Submitted By: DW/DY Reviewed By: DY Approved By: Alan Amatuzio Approval
Date: 5/05/06 Distribution: ___Internal X All

OBJECTIVE: To explain the nature of biodiesel fuel and its effects on
engine operation and lubricant service life.

TECHNICAL DISCUSSION:

Definition of Biodiesel (1) Biodiesel is a mixture of methyl esters of long
chain fatty acids like lauric, palmitic, steric, oleic, etc. It is produced
by the transesterification of animal fats and vegetable oils. Typical
examples are rapeseed oil, canola oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, palm oil
and its derivatives from vegetable sources. Beef and sheep tallow and
poultry oil from animal sources and cooking oil are also the sources of raw
materials. The chemistry of conversion to biodiesel is essentially the
same. Oil or fat react with methanol or ethanol in the presence of catalyst
sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to form biodiesel (methylesters)
and glycerin. Biodiesel is not the same as those vegetable oils or animal
fats. The properties of biodiesel must adhere to the industrial standard
(ASTM D6751). Raw vegetable oils and animal fats do not meet ASTM D6751
specifications. Biodiesel can be blended with petroleum fuel to create
biodiesel blends. These blends are designated as Bxx, where “xx” is the
percentage of biodiesel in the blend. For example, a B5 blend is 5%
biodiesel and 95% diesel fuel. Advantage of Using Biodiesel The physical
and chemical properties of biodiesel are similar to petroleum based diesel
in terms of operation of compression ignition engines. Therefore, biodiesel
can be used in diesel vehicles without expensive alterations to the engine
or fuel system. The other major benefits of using biodiesel include the
following: • Biodiesel is biodegradable, non toxic and essentially free of
sulfur and aromatics. • Improved lubricity. • High cetane number. •
Improved conductivity, particularly for Ultra Low Sulfur fuel.

Disadvantage of using Biodiesel Lower Energy Content (2) The energy
content of neat biodiesel fuel is about eleven percent (11%) lower
than that of petroleum based diesel fuel, resulting in a power loss in
engine operation. Engine adjustment for the power losses could lead to
violation of EPA antitampering provisions.

Engine Operation Problems (2) Neat biodiesel and higher percentage
biodiesel blends can cause a variety of engine performance problems,
including filter plugging, injector coking, piston ring sticking and
breaking, elastomer seal swelling and hardening/cracking and severe engine
lubricant degradation. There is very little information on the use of
biodiesel with engine durability over the mileage and operating conditions
of heavy-duty diesel engines. More information is needed.

Storage and Handling Biodiesel fuels have shown poor oxidation stability,
which can result in long-term storage problems. When biodiesel fuels are
used at low temperatures, filters can be plugged and the fuel can thicken.
Sub-standard biodiesel fuel might contain glycerin that can precipitate out
of the biodiesel fuel and plug the filter at low temperatures. Biodiesel
fuel is an excellent media for microbial growth, which may cause operation
problems, fuel system corrosion and premature fuel filter plugging.

Emissions: Oxygen and other biodiesel characteristics can contribute to
increased NOx emissions. Engine Manufacturer's Position (3-12) Generally,
diesel engine manufacturers accept blending biodiesel fuels up to 5% with
petroleum diesel (B5). Concentration beyond 5% could have adverse effects
on the engine performance and the fuel system integrity and durability.
Most OEMs express concern regarding the service life of lubricants when
higher concentrations of biodiesel are used.

Cummins: “The oil change interval can be affected by the use of biodiesel
fuels and some applications may require shortening intervals to half of the
diesel equivalent.”

International: “The use of higher biodiesel blends may reduce the engine
service life and drain intervals.”

Volvo Truck: “When the customer wishes to use fuels based on vegetable
oils, we recommend that the oil changing intervals be halved in order to
eliminate the risk of dilution of the engine oil.” Effect of Biodiesel on
Lubricants (13) • Fuel dilution resulting in viscosity reduction. • Sludge
and varnish formation. • Depletion of alkalinity reserve in the oil
indicated by total base number decrease. • Total acid number increases more
rapidly, indicating oil degradation probably from more NOx acid formation.
• Certain metals such as copper and lead leached from bearing due to
biodiesel fuel in the lubricant. • Oil filters plugging from sludge.

RECOMMENDATIONS: AMSOIL Motor Oil extended drain interval
recommendations do not apply to vehicles using biodiesel fuels at any
mix ratios with petroleum diesel. When using biodiesel fuels at any
mix ratio, follow the OEM recommended oil drain interval.

AMSOIL INC., AMSOIL Bldg., Superior, WI 54880 (715) 392-7101 © Copyright
2006 TSB: MO-2006-05-04 Date: 05/05/2006

REFERENCES:Subject: Use of Biodiesel Fuel with AMSOIL Motor Oils

1. www.biodiesel.org
2. http://www.enginemanufacturers.org/info/division.asp?ID=65
3. Caterpiller Machine Fluids Recommendation, SEBU 6250-14, April 005,
Page 53-56
4. http://www.cummins.com/cmi/
5. http://www.detroitdiesel.com/Support/ On-
Highway/Manuals/Lubricants_Fuels_Coolants/index.asp
6. www.biodiesel.org/resources/fuelfactsheets/standards_and_warranties
.shtm
7. http://www.deere.com/en_US/ag/servicereport/tips/tractors/9000/
biodiesel_in_John_Deere_Tractors.html
8. http://www.vw.com/contactus/faqs.html
9. International, Technical Service Information, TSI-05-12-21
10. https://www.fleet.ford.com/showroom/environmental_vehicles/
biodieselTechnology.asp
11. General Motor, AltFuels, Fleet and Commercial, 2004, Vol 5, Issue 1
12. Volvo Truck Corporation, Service Bulletin, Group 170, No. 44, Version 1, Page 3 13.
www.eeci.net/archive/biobase/B10577.html.

AMSOIL INC., AMSOIL Bldg., Superior, WI 54880 (715) 392-7101 © Copyright 2006

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